Human Specimen Model-CPR

Human Specimen Model-CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the primary first aid techniques, saving the lives of many cardiac arrest patients. Since Kouwenhoven's first proposed in 1960, chest compressions have been gradually perfected into a complete set of first aid methods. Including basic life support (BasiclifeSupport, BlS), further life support (AdvaneedCrdiaelifeSupport, ACLS) and extended life support (Prolongedlifesupport, PlS) three parts. Later, in view of the importance of brain protection and brain resuscitation, it developed into CPCR. In recent years, it has been confirmed that open chest compressions, insertion abdominal counterpulsation and active compression and decompression CPR (ACDcPR) can increase the success rate of cardiac resuscitation. A new point of view was also put forward on the dosage of epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate. Given the unreasonable implementation of CPR, this article summarizes several issues related to the "No Resuscitation Order". Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPR) is a resuscitation technique for rescuing the heart, respiratory arrest, protection, and recovery of brain function. It is mainly used for patients who can maintain good heart, lung and brain function and can survive for a long time after resuscitation. The purpose of CPCR is to prevent and treat sudden and unexpected death, not to prolong life that is meaningless. Cardiac arrest, also known as cardiac death, refers to the sudden stop of the effective beating of the heart.

The electrical activity of the heart during cardiac arrest is mainly ventricular fibrillation (about 2/3), and the rest are ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrest and electromechanical separation, which mostly occur in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease. . It is worth noting that the coronary heart disease broken dead, the coronary sclerosis lesions are mostly mild or moderate, only 33% have coronary occlusive thrombus. A variety of non-cardiac diseases, such as shock, electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia, etc., also often induce cardiac arrest. Reduced cardiac function, arrhythmia, coronary insufficiency, and reduced cardiac output are the four main pathophysiological foundations of cardiac arrest. They form interacting "cardiac arrest rings" and are individually associated with a variety of diseases. Respiratory arrest includes two categories: central and obstructive. The former is seen in severe disease and damage to the respiratory center and/or its conduction system, while the respiratory organ itself is normal. Such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, poisoning and severe hypoxia, etc. The latter is mainly due to drowning and foreign body obstruction or obstruction of the respiratory tract caused by various reasons.

The circulatory function of the heart and the gas exchange function of the lungs are the basic conditions for maintaining life. Under the control of the nervous system, the failure of any one organ can quickly lead to the failure of another organ. After the circulation stops, the oxygen stored in the brain and various organs is quickly depleted, usually after 20-30 seconds, the breathing stops; after the breathing stops, the oxygen stored in the lungs and blood can continue to circulate in the brain and other important organs. Organs, the heart can continue to work for several minutes. Because the brain is a highly aerobic organ, cardiac and/or respiratory arrest can lead to brain damage or brain death. Cardiac arrest is relatively common, accounting for about 1/4 of the total human deaths. In 1960, Kouweohoven first founded and advocated "cardiac compression without open chest" and pioneered cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on chest compression. Since then, many countries have developed CPR standards and guidelines for adults with roughly the same content. In 1979 and 1985, pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation was formulated and improved.

On-site first aid is the key to the success or failure of resuscitation, so training non-professionals is of great significance. Many countries have carried out primary training on CPR for fire protection, public security, troops, workers and even residents, and have achieved remarkable results. However, about half of the patients who were transferred to the hospital after receiving on-site CPR rescue and resuscitation eventually died. About 10%-40% of survivors have significant permanent brain damage. This fact has drawn people's attention to brain protection and brain resuscitation, promoted the research and implementation of brain resuscitation, and expanded CPR to CPCR.